1848 — Dynamite blew a tamping iron through the brain of Phineas P. Gage, a 25-year-old foreman of the Rutland and Burlington Railroad. The incident is often cited in psychology texts because Gage survived the accident, but the brain injury radically altered his personality. He became indifferent to others, impulsive, and at times grossly profane. Gage died on May 21, 1861.

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1886 — Sigmund Freud married Martha Bernays in Wandsbeck, Austria.

1890 — Volume 1 of William James’s Principles of Psychology was published.

Text adapted from: History

Picture credit: 1, 2, 3